Early settlement

Archaeological evidence shows that a pygmoid hunter gathering tribe, the Twa, first settled the region in 70,000 B.C.E.However, approximately 5,000 years ago, the Hutu, a Bantu-speaking people from the mountainous regions of central Africa, immigrated and provided Burundi’s first language.

The Hutu served as the main farming group in the country. Following the Hutu, the Tutsi tribe settled the region in the late fifteenth century. The Tutsi were descendants of Nilo-Hamitic-speaking people from Ethiopia.From the Tutsi’s early occupation in the region, agricultural techniques were introduced, and a feudal system was established within local chiefdoms. The Tutsi’s relationship with the Hutu remained stable during this period.With the settlement of the Tutsi and Hutu tribes, Burundi’s kingdom expanded in land size, until the seventeenth century. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, the Tutsi dynasty reigned Burundi’s kingdom.The kingdom continued through rulers, until the late nineteenth century. King Mwezi IV reigned from 1852 to 1908. During this time he allied with the Germans in order to gain control over his opponents. Mwezi’s opponents, two chiefs named Maconco and Birori, were rebelling to take away Burundi’s throne. As a result, the kingdom of Burundi became a German colony in 1899.

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